A controversial power-generation project, the Great Ethiopia Renaissance Dam (GERD), will be operational from tomorrow, Sunday 20th February 2022.
The GERD, which is set to be the largest hydroelectric project in Africa, has been at the centre of a regional dispute ever since the project commenced.
“Tomorrow will be the first energy generation of the dam,” a senior Ethiopian government official was quoted by France24 to have said.
Another source who also sought anonymity said the milestone has not been officially communicated.
Opposition
The mega-dam project has attracted diplomatic uproar from downstream countries Egypt and Sudan. The two view the GERD as a threat to their livelihood while seeing it as essential for electrification and development.
The $4.2-billion (3.7 billion euro) project is ultimately expected to produce more than 5,000 megawatts of electricity, more than doubling Ethiopia’s electricity output.
Ethiopia had initially planned an output of around 6,500 megawatts but later reduced its target.
“The newly generated electricity from the GERD could help revive an economy that has been devastated by the combined forces of a deadly war, rising fuel prices and the Covid-19 pandemic,” said Addisu Lashitew of the Brookings Institution in Washington.
The dam lies on Blue Nile River in the Benishangul-Gumuz region in western Ethiopia, not far from the border with Sudan.
Stalemate on talks
Talks held under the auspices of the African Union (AU) have failed to yield a three-way agreement on the dam’s filling and operations, and Cairo and Khartoum have demanded Addis Ababa cease filling the massive reservoir until such a deal is reached.
But Ethiopian officials have argued that filling is a natural part of the dam’s construction process and cannot be stopped.
The UN Security Council met last July to discuss the project, although Ethiopia later slammed the session as an “unhelpful” distraction from the AU-led process.
In September the Security Council adopted a statement encouraging Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan to resume negotiations under AU auspices.
Egypt claims a historic right to the Nile dating from a 1929 treaty that gave it veto power over construction projects along the river.
A 1959 treaty boosted Egypt’s allocation to around 66 per cent of the river’s flow, with 22 per cent for Sudan.
Yet Ethiopia was not a party to those treaties and does not see them as valid.
The process of filling the GERD’s vast reservoir began in 2020, with Ethiopia announcing in July of that year it had hit its target of 4.9 billion cubic metres.
The reservoir’s total capacity is 74 billion cubic metres, and the target for 2021 was to add 13.5 million.
Last July Ethiopia said it had hit that target, meaning there was enough water to begin producing energy, although some experts had cast doubt on the claims.